Wooden Snow
2011
Why is wood never hot or cold to the touch?
I have touched wooden snow shovel handles in bitter cold, and it doesn’t feel cold. I touched wooden hammer handles left in the sun of a blazing hot day, and it doesn’t feel hot. Why?
I know wood have very poor thermal conductivity. (Metal is a very good thermal conductor.) I think it’s either because:
(1) Wood’s thermal conductivity is poor, so it never really gets very hot or cold. It’s comfortable to the touch because the wood is never hot or cold.
(2) Wood’s thermal conductivity is poor, so changes in temperature only affect the very outer layer of the wood. I can only feel the wood’s surface temperature. When it changes upon touch, inner layers of wood don’t affect the surface temperature. (This is easier to visualize using a temperature finite-element analysis.)
Please provide your defense, be it a peer-reviewed published work or a hunch. All are welcome.
Statement 1 is correct, statement 2 is not about thermal conductivity, but about thermal diffusivity.
Suppose your wooden object has been exposed to the extreme temperature for an infinitely long time (what ever that would mean). This means that without question, the entire wooden object is at the same uniform temperature. Obviously it takes time for this to happen, and let’s just say that whatever amount of time is needed has passed.
Do realize that the human hand does not “feel” the temperature of the object. Human skin only feels HEAT FLUX, the rate at which heat flows in or out per unit area.
When you touch the wooden object initially (or any object), heat will be conducted in attempt to match your hand’s temperature to its temperature.
Thermal conductivity (k) is a steady state property. When sufficient time has passed that a continuous flow of heat then exists, it is thermal conductivity which sets up the temperature profile throughout the wood as the temperature difference drives the heat to flow.
Thermal diffusivity (alpha) is a transient property. It is defined as the thermal conductivity divided by the volumetric heat capacity. Volumetric heat capacity being the product of specific heat capacity and density.
alpha = k/(rho*c)
BOTH the steady state property and the transient property are low values for wood compared with typical metals. AND, BOTH these properties are why wood is a thermal insulator and you don’t get burned or chilled by it as you do by metals at the same temperature.
This transient property applies to the situation of the inner layers of wood not affecting conduction of heat to your hand. This implies that what ever heat (or deficiency of) exists within the wood will take a long time to flow in to or out of your hand. And that means a slow rate of heat transfer from or to your hand.
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